6 MEASUREMENT

Indigenous Technology

Pottery

PANI GHATTA

Measurement

Measurement is the process of comparison of an unknown quantity with known standard quantity.

Physical quantities and non-physical quantities

a. The quantity which can be measured directly or indirectly by using different devices or instruments is physical quantity. For example, mass, length, area, volume etc. of object are physical quantities.
b.  Those abstract things which cannot be measured by using different types of physical devices are called non-physical quantities

Importance of measurement in daily life

a. Measurement of body parts is done to sew clothes.

b. Selling and buying of different objects is done by measurement.

c. Temperature of our body is measured by thermometer.

d. Dose of medicine is fixed by measurement.

Unit

A unit is the standard reference quantity with respect to which we measure other physical quantities of the same kind. For example, kilogram, metre, second, etc.

Local Measurement System

The system of measurement developed by ancient people by using local units like HAAT, BITTA, MANA, PATHI etc.

Errors in local measurement system

i. Local units do not give accurate and reliable measurement.

ii. There was difference in units of measurement form place to place.

Standard unit

The unit of measurement which is accepted all over the world is called standard unit. For example, meter (m), kilogram (m), second (s) etc.

Systems of Measurement

1. FPS system

The system of measurement in which length is measured in foot, mass is measured in pound and time is measured in second is called FPS system.

2. cgs system

The system of measurement in which length is measured in centimeter, mass is measured in gram and time is measured in second is called cgs system.

3. MKS system ( metric system)

The system of measurement in which length is measured in meter, mass is measured in kilogram and time is measured in second is called FPS system.

4. SI (International system of measurement)

The system of units which was introduced by the international convention of scientists held in France in the year 1960 AD and accepted all over the world is called international system of measurement (SI).

Measurement of some Fundamental Quantities

1. Mass

The total quantity of matte in different substances like wood, stone etc. is called mass. In SI, mass is measured in kilogram (kg)

2. Length

The total distance between any two points is called length. In SI, length is measured in metre (m).

Measurement of length of a curved line 3. Time

The duration between any two events is called time. In SI, time is measured in second (s).